Multimodal approach to address the multifaceted nature of Chronic Musculoskeletal Disorders: Bridging the gap between research and clinical practice

Abstract

Musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders encompass various
conditions impacting bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments,
and nerves. An estimated 1.71 billion individuals globally
have MSK disorders, causing disability and reduced quality
of life. Literature contradicts the notion that
musculoskeletal pain and disability solely arise from
physical impairments; psychological, behavioural, and
social factors contribute significantly. These facets
influence pain perception and chronic impairment
development. Common interventions—medication,
exercise, manual and hydrotherapy, electro-thermal
modalities, behavioural and alternative therapies—address
pain individually, yet lack the comprehensive response
required. In contrast, a multimodal approach combines
diverse therapies tailored to individual needs. It ensures
lasting symptom relief, prevents recurrence, and improves
function. Although proven effective, clinical
implementation of this approach remains limited. This
mini-review discusses the reasons behind this gap,
underscores multimodal approach importance, and
enlightens rehabilitation professionals on its potential for
managing chronic musculoskeletal issues.
MeSH Keywords: Humans, Musculosketal Pain, Quality of
Life, Social Factors, Hydrotherapy, Complementary
Therapies.