Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tocotrienols in healthy human volunteers: a systematic review

Authors

  • Mahjabeen Sharif Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  • Dilshad Ahmed Khan Department of Pathology, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  • Kulsoom Farhat Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  • Mudassar Noor Department of Pharmacology, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  • Mohammad Asghar Khan Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  • Saima Rafique Department of Pharmacology, Wah Medical College, Wah Cantt, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.6008

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the pharmacokinetic parameters, especially bioavailability, of annatto-based tocotrienol with palm tocotrienol-rich fraction in healthy human volunteers for better therapeutic outcome.

Method: The systematic review was conducted between April and August 2021 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analysis guidelines, and comprised search on PubMed, Google Scholar, Pakmedinet and Google search engines for open-label or double-blind randomised controlled trials involving healthy human volunteers published till January 2021. Key words used included annatto-based tocotrienol, palm tocotrienol-rich fraction, absorption and bioavailability. Boolean operators were also used, like tocotrienol AND bioavailability, annatto tocotrienol AND pharmacokinetics.

Results: Of the 230 articles identified, 50(21.7%) articles met the eligibility criteria. Of them, 7(14%) were selected for data extraction and detailed analysis. Pharmacokinetic parameters of annatto-based tocotrienol were better than palm-derived tocotrienol. Oral administration of all the isomers of annatto-based tocotrienols resulted in dose-dependent increase in area under curve and plasma levels.  Amongst all the isomers of annatto-based and palm-derived tocotrienol, delta isomer of annatto-based tocotrienol had the highest bioavailability with area under curve 7450±89 ng/ml, time to reach peak plasma levels 4 hours, maximum plasma concentration 1591±43 ng/nl and elimination half-life 2. 68 ±0.29 hrs. Pharmacokinetic parameters of delta isomer of annatto-based tocotrienol was greater than palm tocotrienol-rich fraction.

Conclusion: Bioavailability of annatto-based tocotrienol was better than that of palm-derived tocotrienol-rich fraction. Delta isomer of annatto-based tocotrienol had the highest bioavailability amongst all isomers of tocotrienol.

Author Biographies

Dilshad Ahmed Khan, Department of Pathology, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Professor of Pathology National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi

Kulsoom Farhat, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Associate Professor of Pharmacology, Army Medical College , National University of Medical Sciences Rawalpindi

Mudassar Noor, Department of Pharmacology, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

ssistant Professor of Pharmacology, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences Rawalpindi

Mohammad Asghar Khan, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Assistant Professor,  Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi  Pakistan.

 

Saima Rafique, Department of Pharmacology, Wah Medical College, Wah Cantt, Pakistan

Assistant Professor of Pharmacology, Wah Medical College Wah Cantt.

Published

2023-02-15

How to Cite

Sharif, M., Khan, D. . A., Farhat, K., Mudassar Noor, Mohammad Asghar Khan, & Saima Rafique. (2023). Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tocotrienols in healthy human volunteers: a systematic review. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 73(3), 603–610. https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.6008

Issue

Section

Systematic Reviews